Abundance: uncommon
What: roots, leaves, young flowers, seeds
How: roots raw or cooked; young leaves raw or steamed after removing spines; flowers are steamed; seeds roasted or pressed for oil.
Where: sunny fields
When: spring, summer
Nutritional Value: Vit. C, calories
Dangers: Spines must be removed before cooking or eating. Some people may be allergic to milk thistles, especially those allergic to artichokes.
Medicinal Properties:
Flowers/Leaves/Stem/Seeds* - protects and heals liver (raw, tisane)
*greats medicinal property found in the seeds
Leaf Arrangement: Basal and alternate along the stem.
Leaf Shape: Deeply lobed, obovate, spiny green leaves with distinctive white marbling.
Leaf Venation: Pinnate with one main vein running from the base towards the tip.
Leaf Margin: Has both teeth and lobes.
Leaf Color: Spiny green leaves with white veins and noticeable white coloring following the veins.
Flower Structure: Thistle-like, mildly-scented, purple-pink flower heads (2" across) subtended by spiny bracts.
Flower Color: Purple-pink.
Fruit: Small, dry, one-seeded fruits (achenes) attached to a parachute-like structure called a pappus.
Seeds: Each with a pappus for wind dispersal, resembling a small, brown, elongated seed.
Stem: Grooved, hollow, and may be covered in a light cottony fuzz.
Hairs: Simple hairs on the leaf blade with no glands, not tangled or wooly.
Height: Grows up to 6 feet tall.
Milk thistle.
Milk thistle seedling.
Slightly older milk thistle.
Close-ups of a milk thistle flower.
Milk thistle seed, which science has found to be a powerful source of liver-detoxification compounds.
Texas distribution, attributed to U. S. Department of Agriculture. The marked counties are guidelines only. Plants may appear in other counties, especially if used in landscaping.
North American distribution, attributed to U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Milk thistles are easy to identify by their height (upwards of 6' tall), beautiful purple flowers, and white veins on blue-green leaves. Start looking for it in open fields in mid-February though depending on the weather they can be found into early summer.
The stem is tasty when peeled and then eaten raw, but try to get it before the flowers have opened. The leaf center "rib" is also tasty after the rest of the leaf (and prickers) are stripped away. The roots can be roasted for a coffee substitute.
The seeds have a long history of medicinal use, especially for treatment of the liver. A tea made from its seeds is the usual method of treating the liver according to recent research. Link to medicinal usage.
Beware mistaking White Prickly Poppy (Argemone albiflora) for milk thistle. Prickly poppy leaves are much narrower (less than 1" wide in lobed portions) and significantly less "milky" in the veins. If unsure, let the plant form flowers, which are white with yellow centers on prickly poppy.
Prickly Poppy leaf.
Prickly poppy flower.
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